O hatha-yoga no Serviço de Orientação ao Exercício (SOE) em Vitória: liberdade e estilo de vida / Hatha-yoga in the Exercise Guidance Service (SOE) in Vitória: freedom and lifestyle / Hatha-yoga em el Servicio de Orientación del Ejercicio (SOE) em Vitória: libertad y estilo de vida

RESUMO Este artigo aborda os usos do hatha-yoga como parte da oferta do Serviço de Orientação ao Exercício (SOE), vinculado à Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (Semus), da cidade de Vitória (ES). Utilizando como estratégia metodológica entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicação de questionários e diário de campo, tem como objetivo interpretar as motivações vinculadas às escolhas pelo yoga, uma prática corporal que integra espiritualidade e bem-estar nas aulas do serviço público em Vitória. Conclui-se que as estruturas e a reflexividade fazem parte do repertório de ação para que as pessoas consigam acionar projetos de vida que os tirem de situações de insegurança e risco social.

ABSTRACT This article discusses the uses of hatha-yoga as part of the Exercise Guidance Service (SOE), linked to the Municipal Health Department (Semus), at Vitória (ES). Using semi-structured interviews as a methodological strategy, the application of questionnaires, and a field diary, the aim is to interpret the motivations linked to the choices for yoga, a body practice that integrates spirituality and well-being, in public service classes in Vitória. It is concluded that structures and reflexivity are part of the action repertoire so that people can trigger life projects that take them out of situations of insecurity and social risk.

RESUMEN Este artículo discute los usos del hatha-yoga como parte del Servicio de Orientación del Ejercicio (SOE), vinculado a la Secretaría Municipal de Salud (Semus), en la ciudad de Vitória (ES). Utilizando como estrategia metodológica entrevistas semiestructuradas, la aplicación de cuestionarios y el diario de campo, el objetivo es interpretar las motivaciones vinculadas a las elecciones por el yoga, práctica corporal que integra espiritualidad y bienestar en las clases de servicio público en Vitória. Se concluye que las estructuras y la reflexividad forman parte del repertorio de acción para que las personas puedan desencadenar proyectos de vida que las saquen de situaciones de inseguridad y riesgo social.

Evaluating bladder function is important in prostatic hyperplasia surgery / 现代泌尿外科杂志

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may lead to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), which may result in bladder dysfunction. Based on the urodynamic analysis of bladder function of 793 BPO patients, bladder function could be classified into 3 stages and 6 types. Detrusor overactivity with impaired contractility (DHIC) is the transitional period of bladder function from compensation to decompensation. The indications of surgical therapy of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in different guidelines do not consider the bladder function. This paper emphasizes the importance of bladder function in the surgical choices for BOO, in order to select targeted and individualized surgical methods, and discusses the choice of surgical treatment for BPO from the perspective of bladder function.

Achievement of satisfactory outcomes of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery based on avoiding complications / 现代泌尿外科杂志

The outcomes of surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been verified as it causes few complications. However, if complications develop, they will have significant impacts on patients’ quality of life. Therefore, in order to provide individualized treatments, patients’ general condition, expectations of treatment, clinical symptoms, prostate volume, advantages and disadvantages of different operative methods and operators’ mastery of operative methods should be considered to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications such as stress incontinence, urethral stricture and bladder neck contracture. This article discusses the choices of surgical interventions of BPH from the perspective of surgical safety and reduction of complications so as to improve the satisfaction of patients.

Food Choice Motives, Physical Activity Level and Body Mass Index Status Among Undergraduates Students: A Cross-sectional Study

@#Introduction: University students had high risk of unhealthy lifestyle habits such as being sedentary and having poor dietary choices due to higher cost of healthy food and the wide availability of fast food. These may contribute to overweight, obesity and co-morbidities. The aim of the study was to determine the association of food choices motives, physical activity (PA) level and body mass index status among undergraduates in Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: A total of 125 undergraduate students were recruited. Self-reported online questionnaire was administered to obtain information about sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, food choice motives using Food Choices Questionnaire and physical activity using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The association between food choice motive, PA and body mass index was assessed using Spearman correlation and Fisher`s Exact Test. Results: The three most important food choice motives are religion, price and sensory appeal. A total of 16% of the subjects were underweight, 19.2% were overweight and 11.2% were obese. 21.6% of the students had low PA level. There was significant inverse association between sensory appeal and BMI (p = 0.002, r = - 0.269). Physical activity was not significantly different between BMI categories. Conclusion: Those who have lower BMI reported to have greater sensory appeal, but association between PA and body mass index had no significant difference. Future studies are required for understanding the direct impact of food choice motives on dietary quality and its association with PA motivation and BMI status for reducing the prevalence of obesity among undergraduates.

Prácticas alimentarias, un fenómeno multinivel

RESUMEN El presente ensayo tiene como propósito posicionar el entender las prácticas alimentarias de las personas y de las poblaciones desde la perspectiva de curso de vida como tema relevante para generar conocimientos desde perspectivas interdisciplinarias. Así, se expondrán a las prácticas alimentarias desde una perspectiva sociohistórica, posicionándonos desde una visión que integre los diferentes niveles, dominios y temporalidades, con el fin de ampliar la perspectiva de un fenómeno esencialmente interdisciplinario. De esta manera, se abren las preguntas sobre qué niveles y dominios de la vida de las personas y las poblaciones se encuentran involucrados y cuáles son las formas temporales que se manejan en la interconexión de los diferentes elementos. Se busca posicionar a las prácticas alimentarias desde una perspectiva holística que pueda orientar la planificación e interpretación de investigaciones aplicadas para afrontar los desafíos de salud pública en el presente.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this essay is to position the understanding of food practices of individuals and populations from a life course perspective as relevant to focus in producing knowledge from an interdisciplinary perspective. So, here I discuss food practices as a sociohistorical phenomenon, acquiring a point of view that integrates different levels, domains and temporalities, with the purpose of broaden the perspective of a essentially multidisciplinary phenomenon. This opens questions about what levels and domains of the life of individuals and societies are involved, as well as what temporal forms are handled in the interconnection of the different elements. Thus, this essay seeks to position food practices from a wide perspective that can guide interpretation in empirical research necessary to face public health challenges that appear in the present.

A intencionalidade das decisões e das escolhas - "Liberdade é escolher Deus!" / The intentionality of decisions and choices - "Freedom is choosing God!" / La intencionalidad de las decisiones y de las elecciones - "¡La libertad es elegir a Dios!"

O texto contém proposições de diferentes autores sobre a existência de "pensantes" em todos os seres mineral, vegetal e animal com os quais uma interação se faz e, como decorrência, nos leva a entender o fenômeno das intencionalidades de decisões e escolhas como um fato que tem origem e fundamento inconscientes. Esses relatos comprovam o quanto o processo decisório na vida dos humanos se exerce de forma autônoma. O processo se apresenta, como intuições, desejos inexplicáveis, sincronicidades, sonhos, bem como outras realidades aleatórias para as quais o Ego se sente inclinado a aceitar o esforço necessário para cumprir o compromisso demandado. Uma das conclusões implica atentar para o quanto essas decisões e intencionalidades se fazem fundamentais para que o processo de individuação se cumpra.

The text contains propositions from different authors about the existence of "thinkers" among all mineral, plant and animal beings with which an interaction takes place and, as a result, we understand the phenomenon of intentionality of decisions and choices as a fact that has an unconscious origin and foundation. These reports prove how much the decision making process in human life is exercised autonomously. The process presents itself as intuitions, inexplicable desires, synchronicities, dreams, as well as other random realities for which the Ego feels inclined to accept the effort necessary to fulfill the demanded commitment. One of the conclusions implies paying attention to how fundamental these decisions and intentions are for the individuation process to be fulfilled.

El texto contiene proposiciones de diferentes autores sobre la existencia de "pensar" en todos los seres minerales, vegetales y animales con los que se realiza una interacción y, como resultado, nos lleva a comprender el fenómeno de la intencionalidad de las decisiones y elecciones como un hecho que tiene origen y base inconscientes. Estos informes demuestran cómo el proceso de toma de decisiones en la vida de los humanos se ejerce de forma autónoma. El proceso se presenta como intuiciones, deseos inexplicables, sincronicidades, sueños, así como otras realidades aleatorias para las cuales el Ego se siente inclinado a aceptar el esfuerzo necesario para cumplir con el compromiso exigido. Una de las conclusiones implica la atención sobre cómo estas decisiones e intenciones son fundamentales para que el proceso de individualización se cumpla.

Choix thérapeutiques des hypertendus et diabétiques en milieu rural: Une étude mixte dans deux zones de santé de l'Est de la République Démocratique du Congo / Therapeutic choices of hypertensive and diabetics in rural areas: A mixed study in two health zones in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: One third of patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) do not use the formal health system to access healthcare. Aim: In this manuscript we analyse the therapeutic decisions of hypertensive and diabetic patients in rural eastern DRC and the reasons for these decisions. Setting: The study was conduct in two health zones (HZ) in South Kivu (Bagira and Walungu), DRC. Methods: A mixed-methods convergent study was conducted from November 2018 to December 2018. Quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire and qualitative data were collected using focus groups. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a Fischer exact test, while the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Out of 382 subjects declaring a chronic pathology, hypertensives and diabetics represented 21.5% and 7.9%, respectively. Health facilities were the first therapeutic choice of the chronically affected persons. The alternative therapeutic choices found were the use of prayer rooms, consultation with traditional healers and self-medication. Poverty, ignorance, the pharmaceutical business, and the socio-cultural dimension of the disease are the main causes of alternative therapeutic choices for hypertensives and diabetics. Conclusion: To ensure appropriate care for patients with chronic diseases in rural areas, it is important to establish a bridge of regulated collaboration between the formal and informal health sector.

O problema da sobreutilização de recursos e o projeto Choosing Wisely Portugal - Escolhas Criteriosas em Saúde / The problem of overutilization of resources and the Choosing Wisely Portugal program - Judicious Choices in Health

Resumo A variação da prática clínica é um fenómeno que se encontra bem descrito e que se caracteriza por uma prática clínica utilizando testes diagnósticos e esquemas terapêuticos diversos, em doentes semelhantes na patologia que apresentam e no seu risco basal. A sobreutilização de recursos em saúde caracteriza-se por apresentar um benefício-risco negativo. Infelizmente ambos os fenómenos se verificam em diversos países, em particular países desenvolvidos. Neste contexto, o American Board of Internal Medicine lançou a campanha Choosing Wisely, a qual foi, entretanto, implementada em diversos países incluindo Portugal.

Abstract The variation of clinical practice is a well-described phenomenon in which patients with similar diagnoses, prognoses and demographic status receive different levels of care depending on when, where and by whom they are treated, despite agreed and documented evidence of best practice. The overutilization of health resources is also known to have a negative risk-benefit ratio. Unfortunately, both phenomena occur in several countries, especially in developed countries. In the light of this, the American Board of Internal Medicine launched the Choosing Wisely campaign, which has subsequently been implemented in several countries, including Portugal.

Factors Influencing the Postgraduate Training Choices of Medical Interns and Junior Medical Officers at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Guyana

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the specialty preferences and the reasons for those choices among medical interns and junior medical doctors at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC), Guyana. Methods: A cross-sectional study of recent medical graduates at GPHC using anonymous self-administered questionnaires was used. Results: Of the study population of 66, 60 of the questionnaires that were filled were returned (response rate of 91.5%). The females comprised 60% of the respondents and 98% of the respondents were interested in Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME). Paediatrics was the most popular programme (25% of the respondents) followed by internal medicine (21%), and the main reason among the respondents for their choice of training programme was personal interest (69%). Gender differences occurred in paediatrics and ophthalmology where the females were predominant, and in orthopaedics and anaesthesia, where the males were predominant. Conclusion: To ensure an adequate and balanced medical specialists workforce for the future, information on medical graduates' perceptions and preferences of PGME and the factors influencing their choices is important to policy planners and medical educators and efforts must be made to correct any of the maldistributions noted.

Percepções e escolhas de adolescentes sobre saúde no contexto da residência multiprofissional / Health perceptions and choices of adolescents in a multidisciplinary residency context / Percepciones y elecciones de adolescentes sobre salud en el contexto de la residencia multiprofesional

Resumo Este artigo é um recorte de um projeto maior intitulado "O empoderamento do/da adolescente para a promoção da sua saúde no contexto de uma residência multiprofissional". Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e interpretativo de abordagem qualitativa realizado em uma escola pública estadual no contexto de uma Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Adolescente em um município de Minas Gerais. O objetivo foi identificar as percepções e escolhas dos(as) adolescentes em relação a sua saúde. Como técnica de coleta de dados, utilizaram-se oficinas com estudantes do Ensino Médio. Os dados foram transcritos na íntegra, submetidos à análise temática e interpretados a partir do referencial teórico da psicologia social. A análise permitiu identificar diferentes temas, organizados em três categorias: "concepções de adolescentes sobre saúde", atreladas sobremaneira ao paradigma biomédico e à corrente moderna de promoção da saúde; "influências nas escolhas e na saúde dos(as) adolescentes", que destacam o papel da família e das relações interpessoais; "Onde os/as adolescentes buscam saúde", que evidencia a internet como lócus primário da busca por informações. As categorias foram discutidas em três eixos: "adolescências, saúde e seus corpos: rascunho ou potência?", "adolescências, influências, escolhas e saúde" e "adolescências, cultura digital e saúde: articulações possíveis". Conclui-se que, para promover saúde durante a adolescência, é preciso despir-se de concepções generalistas e dos ideais de adolescência, extrapolar os espaços tradicionais de cuidado com esse público e considerar profundamente os determinantes sociais em saúde.(AU)

Abstract This paper is an excerpt from a larger project entitled "O Empoderamento do/da Adolescente para a Promoção da sua Saúde no Contexto de uma Residência Multiprofissional" (Empowerment of Adolescents to Promote Health in a Multidisciplinary Context). This is an exploratory and explanatory qualitative study conducted in a public school from a municipality of Minas Gerais, in the context of a Multidisciplinary Residency in Adolescent Health, whose aim was to identify adolescents' perceptions and choices concerning health. Data were collected by means of workshops conducted with High School students, fully transcribed, analyzed according to theme, and interpreted from the theoretical perspective of Social Psychology. Data analysis identified the presence of multiple themes, which were divided into three categories: 'Adolescents' perception on health', associated with the biomedical paradigm as well as to Modern Health Promotion; 'Influences on adolescents' choices and health', which highlights the role of family and interpersonal relationships; and 'Means through which adolescents look for information', which indicates the Internet as a basic locus for information search. These categories were approached from three axes: 'Adolescences, health, and their bodies: drafts or power?'; 'Adolescences, influences, choices, and health'; and 'Adolescences, digital culture, and health: possible articulations'. The results indicate that promoting health among adolescents requires us to break with generic and idealist concepts underlying adolescence, extrapolate the traditional spaces of healthcare aimed at this public, and consider the Social Determinants of Health.(AU)

Resumen Este artículo presenta un recorte de un proyecto más amplio, "O Empoderamento do/ da Adolescente para a Promoção da sua Saúde no Contexto de uma Residência Multiprofissional" ("El empoderamiento del/la Adolescente en la Promoción de la Salud en el Contexto de una Residencia Multiprofesional"). Este es un estudio exploratorio e interpretativo, de metodología cualitativa, realizado en una escuela pública de la red estatal, en el contexto de una Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud del Adolescente, en un municipio de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Su objetivo es analizar las percepciones y elecciones de los/las adolescentes con relación a la salud. La técnica de recolección de datos se basó en la realización de talleres a los cuales acudieron a estudiantes de la secundaria. Los datos obtenidos fueron transcriptos en su totalidad, sometidos a un análisis temático e interpretados desde la psicología social. Este análisis permitió organizar los diferentes temas identificados según tres categorías: "Concepciones de adolescentes sobre la salud", que está vinculada al paradigma biomédico y a la corriente moderna de la promoción de la salud; "Influencias en las elecciones y en la salud de los/las adolescentes", que resalta el rol de la familia y de las relaciones interpersonales; y "Dónde los/las adolescentes buscan salud", que señala que internet es el locus primario para la búsqueda de informaciones. Son tres los ejes que orientan la discusión de dichas categorías: "Adolescencias, salud y sus cuerpos: ¿borrador o potencia?", "Adolescencias, influencias, elecciones y salud"; y "Adolescencias, cultura digital y salud: articulaciones posibles". Se concluye que, para la promoción de la salud en las adolescencias, es necesario romper con concepciones generalistas e idealistas acerca de la adolescencia, ir más allá de los espacios tradicionales de atención a este público y tener en cuenta, sobre todo, los determinantes sociales en salud.(AU)

Role of peri-partum counselling in improving choice of postpartum contraception

Background: The choice of a contraceptive method is a complex decision. Health care providers have an important role in providing information and supporting patients' decision making about contraceptive choices through counselling. Non-use of contraceptive methods, use of less effective methods, and incorrect and inconsistent use of methods underlie the high frequency of unintended pregnancy. Prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to study the role of peri-partum counselling in improving choice of postpartum contraception at Pravara Rural Hospital Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.Methods: Four hundred and fifty women in third trimester of pregnancy were individually counselled about the postpartum contraception, using educational material and pamphlets. The choice of postpartum contraception before and after the counselling was noted.Results: Among primi gravidas, the most favored choices for postpartum contraception before counselling were condom (25%) and lactational amenorrhea method (12%). In the same group of women, the post counselling choices were PPIUCD (45%), condom (17%) and interval IUCD (7%). Among multi-gravida, the most favored choices for postpartum contraception before counselling were postpartum tubal ligation (26%), condom (20%) and lactational amenorrhea method or calendar method (17%). In the same group of women, the post counselling choices were postpartum tubal ligation (32%) PPIUCD (12%), condom (8%).Conclusions: The study supports the usefulness of good quality counselling both with respect to the interpersonal relationship between the patient and the provider and quality of information that is provided during counselling. Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD), a long acting reversible contraceptive, will fulfil the felt need of postpartum contraception in near future.

Impact of public health lecture intervention on consumption behaviour towards indigenous staple carbohydrate foods

Background: The increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) experienced more in the developing countries can be attributed to changes in demography (rural to urban migration) and changes in pattern of food consumption. With the increasing incidences in diabetes globally, dietary restrictions and modifications in consumption behaviors still remains the bedrock in the prevention and management of the disease. Specific education to prevent or manage people’s lifestyle in order to combat NCDs such as diabetes are widely available, but assessment of knowledge about dietary fiber and its impact on staple foods consumption is largely unexplored.Methods: This study utilized nutritional education as an intervention strategy to bring about changes in consumers consumption behaviour, changing their perspective in consumption of root and tuber crops in relation to wheat in the study area. The intervention involved public health lecture on the nutrition values of staple carbohydrate root and tuber crop foods (cassava and yam) with focus on their dietary fibre content, relative to wheat.Results: The statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the dietary habits in urban and in rural areas. Intervention resulted in shift in consumption behavior towards indigenous staple carbohydrate food crops. The changes in behavior were more obvious in urban dwellers, especially in favour of cassava consumption.Conclusions: Education or information targeted to correct the consumption behaviour of specific group of individuals stands a chance in impacting and improving their food choices and dietary behaviours.

Integrating advance care planning as part of comprehensive geriatric assessment for hospitalised frail elderly patients: findings of a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION@#The integration of advance care planning (ACP) as part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) of hospitalised frail elderly patients, together with the clinical and demographic factors that determine successful ACP discussion, has not been previously explored.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study on patients and family caregivers admitted under the geriatric medicine department of a tertiary hospital was conducted from October 2015 to December 2016.@*RESULTS@#Among 311 eligible patients, 116 (37.3%) patients completed ACP discussion while 166 (53.4%) patients declined, with 62 (37.3%) of the decliners providing reasons for refusal. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, poorer functional status and cognitive impairment had statistically significant associations with agreeing to ACP discussion (p < 0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, only poorer functional status was significantly associated (odds ratio 2.22 [95% confidence interval 1.27-3.87]; p = 0.005). Among those who completed ACP discussion, a majority declined cardiopulmonary resuscitation (79.3%), preferred limited medical intervention or comfort care (82.8%), and opted for blood transfusion (62.9%), antibiotics (73.3%) and intravenous fluid (74.1%) but declined haemodialysis (50.9%). Decision-making was divided for enteral feeding. Among decliners, the main reasons for refusal were 'not keen' (33.9%), 'deferring to doctors' decision' (11.3%) and 'lack of ACP awareness' (11.3%).@*CONCLUSION@#The feasibility and utility of integrating ACP as part of CGA has been demonstrated. Poorer functional status is significantly associated with successful ACP discussion. Greater public education on end-of-life care choices (besides cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and follow-up with decliners are recommended.

Choosing the best teaching modality: medical students’ perspectives

Background: Didactic mode of teaching retains a strong hold in the Indian medical education scenario. Is this because there is no alternative teaching method or is it the preferred choice of the learners? When outcomes of teaching are considered, better teaching tools are available. But when the question of choice of the learners is raised, there are no satisfactory answers. This study aims to expose medical students to different modalities of training and to obtain their verdict on what they consider is the best method of teaching to aid in their learning process.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on all I year medical students after obtaining institutional clearance. 33 students consented to participate in the study. They were divided into 3 groups and given instructions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)- single rescuer method in the didactic, video format and manikin based. A pre-test was taken and a post-test too. A skills test was taken at the end of teaching. Finally, all the students were asked to give a feedback. The results tabulated and analyzed.Results: Students with simulation (manikin) based teaching had more confidence in performance of CPR, performed better in the skills test and post-test when compared to the other groups. Almost unanimously, the students preferred simulation based teaching over the other two tools that they were exposed to.Conclusion: A revolution in medical teaching in the Indian syllabus is the need of the hour. While newer tools are being implemented, the requirements and choices of the recipients of teaching should also be considered.

Contraceptive Choices and Acceptability among New Clients Attending the Family Planning Unit of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background:Effective contraception can prevent unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion and ensure adequate birth spacing. The choice of a method depends on consideration of its advantages and disadvantages based on individual perception and interpretations.Objective:To assess contraceptive choices and acceptability among new clients at the family planning clinic of a tertiary health facility in Rivers State, Nigeria.Methodology: This was a one-year retrospective review of clinical records of new clients attending the Family Planning Unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital from January 1, to December 31, 2018. Data on age, education, marital status, parity, contraceptive choice and reason for contraception were retrieved and analyzed using Epi-Info version 7.1.4.Results:A total of 124 female clients were enrolled during the time period. The mean age of the participants was 33.8±5.1 years and the median parity was 3. The most common method of contraception accepted by the clients was implants 87 (70.2%), followed by intrauterine device 32 (25.8%), then injectable 4 (3.2%) and oral contraceptive pills 1(0.8%). Reasons proffered for use of contraceptive was mainly completed family size 69 (55.6%), pregnancy prevention 53 (42.8%) and child spacing 2 (1.6%). There was no significant difference on comparism of mean age and median parity of clients by choice of contraceptive method.Conclusion: The implant methods were the most commonly accepted, while theoral contraceptive pill was the least preferred. Completed family size was the most common reason for contraception

"I don't know if I have the courage": reproductive choices in times of Zika

In this transnational study, we aimed at providing insights into women's views and attitudes towards their reproductive rights during the Zika epidemic. Women of distinct nationalities and ethnicities were recruited from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. We conducted semi-structured interviews that suggest that participants reproductive decisions were intimately related to personal convictions and cultural beliefs, and their actions and thoughts were embedded in their sociocultural norms. The majority of women interviewed communicated that it takes courage to make the extreme, emotional, and overwhelming decision to have an abortion. The findings of this study suggest that women from different countries and regions, and with different levels of social capital, faced the same conflicts concerning reproductive decisions. Thus, we argue for the importance of considering cultural beliefs and behaviors when implementing health prevention or protection measures to control epidemics. This epidemic may be yet another opportunity for the improvement of women's health by strengthening culturally sensitive family planning services, and a broad spectrum of public health interventions.

Neste estudo transnacional, pretendemos fornecer informações sobre as opiniões e atitudes das mulheres em relação aos seus direitos reprodutivos durante a epidemia do Zika. Mulheres de diferentes nacionalidades e etnias foram recrutadas em vários locais do Brasil, Porto Rico e Estados Unidos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas que sugerem que as decisões reprodutivas dos participantes estavam intimamente relacionadas às convicções pessoais e crenças culturais, e suas ações e pensamentos foram incorporados em suas normas socioculturais. A maioria das mulheres entrevistadas comunicou que é preciso coragem para tomar a decisão extrema, emocional e esmagadora de fazer um aborto. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que mulheres de diferentes países e regiões, e com diferentes níveis de capital social, enfrentam os mesmos conflitos relativos às decisões reprodutivas. Assim, defendemos a importância de considerar crenças e comportamentos culturais ao implementar medidas de prevenção ou proteção à saúde para controlar epidemias. Esta epidemia pode ser mais uma oportunidade para melhorar a saúde das mulheres, fortalecendo serviços de planejamento familiar culturalmente sensíveis e um amplo espectro de intervenções de saúde pública.

Caminhos da imaginação sociológica ou de como me tornei uma socióloga / Ways of sociological imagination or how i become a sociologist

O presente artigo trata-se de um ensaio, quase biográfico, sobre a trajetória de uma socióloga, em particular de uma profissional que iniciou sua vida profissional no departamento de Ciências Humanas da Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. O texto está estruturado em vários itens, mas a rigor segue uma organização cronológica que inicia com a descrição da origem social da autora, a sua escolha pelas Ciências Sociais, a qual a autora argumenta ter profunda relação com sua origem; a formação acadêmica em nível de graduação e pós-graduação, mestrado e doutorado e sua profissionalização desde quando ingressou na UNISC até os dias de hoje, como docente e pesquisadora na UFRGS. Se utilizando de forte influência weberiana e porque não dizer, bourdiesana, a autora conecta suas escolhas profissionais a sua origem social bem como com as opções com as quais se deparou naquele percurso. No artigo a autora reflete sobre o fazer sociológico de uma profissional com perfil pragmático e aplicado bem como traz uma descrição dos temas por ela pesquisados no seu percurso enquanto docente e pesquisadora.(AU)

This article is an essay, almost biographical, about the trajectory of a sociologist, in particular of a professional who started her professional life in the Human Sciences department of the University of Santa Cruz do Sul. The text is structured in several items. Strictly follows a chronological organization that begins with the description of the author's social origin, her choice of social sciences, which the author argues has a profound relationship with her family origin; undergraduate and postgraduate, masters and doctoral degrees and professionalization choices since joining UNISC to this day, as a teacher and researcher at UFRGS. Using strong Weberian influence and why not say, bourdiesan influence, the author connects her career choices with her social background as well as the options she came across on that journey. In the article, the author reflects on the sociological practice of a professional with a pragmatic and applied profile, as well as a description of the topics she researched in her career as a teacher and researcher.(AU)

Family planning in India: The way forward

Given the magnitude of the family planning programme in India, there is a need to strengthen the coordination of all its aspects, focusing on planning, programmes, monitoring, training and procurement. The quality of care in family planning must be a major focus area to ensure the success of family planning programmes. Despite serious efforts and progress, India has yet to achieve its family planning goals. Furthermore, there is a need for greater male participation both as enablers and beneficiaries and also address the sexual and reproductive needs of the youth. It is imperative for the government to ensure the prioritization of family planning in the national development agenda. Family planning is crucial for the achievement of the sustainable development goals, and subsequent efforts need to be made to improve access and strengthen quality of family planning services.

Análise do vocacional: recriando uma psicologia com favelas, escolhas, jovens / Vocational analysis: recreating a psychology with favelas, choices, youth / nálisis de el llamado profesional: la recreación de una psicologia con favelas, opciones, jovenes

O artigo traz reflexões sobre o cerceamento de escolhas tanto em instituições educacionais quanto em territórios populares que possuem conflitos armados, questionando o papel da psicologia em orientar, indicar, direcionar vocações sem se questionar ética e politicamente sobre as implicações dessas intervenções. Aposta-se em outra forma de trabalho, designada Análise do Vocacional, com uma possibilidade preocupada com questões contemporâneas como o território trabalhado, os jovens encontrados no grupo, o cenário político-econômico do país. O resultado aparece a partir da compreensão dos critérios elencados na tomada de decisões e do exercício crítico da participação política na sociedade, visando um processo de protagonização e emancipação dos alunos enquanto cidadãos criadores, recriadores e pertencentes a um território de uma singular diversidade como o Complexo da Maré. (AU)

The article reflects on the restriction of choices in educational institutions as well as in popular territories that have armed conflicts, questioning the function of psychology in orienting, indicating, directing vocations without questioning ethically and politically about the implications of these interventions. It is put in another form of work, called Vocational Analysis, with a possibility concerned with contemporary issues such as the territory worked, the young people found in the group, the political-economic scenario of the country. The result appears from the awareness of the criteria listed in the decision making process and the critical exercise of political participation in society, aiming at a process of protagonization and emancipation of the students as creative citizens, re-creators and belonging to a territory of a singular diversity as the Maré's Complex. (AU)

El artículo reflexiona sobre la restricción de opciones tanto em las instituciones educativas y en las zonas populares que tienen los conflictos armados, custionando el papel de la psicología en la orientación, indicar profesiones directas sin cuestionar ética y políticamente sobre la simplicaciones de estas intervenciones. Apuesta em otra forma de trabajo, designado Análisis de el Llamado Professional, conlaposibilidad de que se trate conlos problemas contemporáneos tales como territorio trabajaba, los niños en el grupo, el escenario político-economico del país. El resultado aparece em la conciencia de los criterios enumerados en la toma de decisiones y el ejercicio crítico de la participación política en la sociedad a un proceso de protagonismo y la autonomía de los estudiantes como ciudadanos, creadores y recreadores de pertenencia a un territorio de una diversidad natural como el Complexo de la Maré. (AU)

Evaluating The Implementation Of A Canteen-Based Food Nutrition Intervention Among Schoolchildren: A Prospective Intervention Study

@#Background: School children are at great risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Their eating pattern in school is influenced by the availability of food served within the school environment. The purpose of this paper was to determine the effectiveness of a canteen-based food nutrition intervention, designed according to the theory of planned behaviour, on the knowledge, perception and choices of healthy food among primary schoolchildren. Methods: This was a prospective intervention study using a two-group design. Six school canteens from the ninety-eight primary schools were randomly allocated to an intervention group or a control group. All the food handlers in the intervention group were given a twelve-week training course in food nutrition. On the completion of the course, 293 Standard Six students from these schools, were interviewed with a nutritional questionnaire on food in their school canteens. The training programme for the intervention group and the questionnaire for the students were developed and validated for the study, and a power calculation made for the sample size of students.Results: The students in both groups were homogeneous in gender and body mass. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.26 (SD: 0.38) and 19.47 (SD: 0.39) for the intervention and the control group respectively. There were more schoolchildren in the intervention group who purchased foods in school canteens (p 0.0036)of milk and milk products (p 0.034), and white rice (p<0.001). Fewer purchased fast food (p<0.001), and more had a better perception towards serving of healthy food (p 0.001). There were no significant differences in the knowledge level (p 0.095) and purchased fruit (p 0.557) between the groups. Conclusion: A school-based nutrition programme was associated with significant improvement in the perception of students towards foods served in school canteens and in their choices of healthy food. The study provided a framework for the design and implementation of future food nutrition intervention in school canteens.